中國到中東歐：亞洲品牌進駐的地區
二十年來，中國製造商向歐洲銷售的標準模式一直都很簡單。在家生產，將產品運送到歐洲港口，再從靠近海岸的倉庫發送。成本優勢就完成了剩下的工作。.
這個模式一直在逐步瓦解。關稅、反補助調查、供應鏈安全要求以及客戶對交付速度的期望，都朝著同一方向發展。對越來越多的亞洲公司而言，問題不再是是否在歐洲生產，而是該選擇在何處生產。.
越來越多的答案都指向中歐地區。.
Key Takeaways
- Germany, Hungary and Poland are the top three destinations for new Chinese investment in Europe, with 21%, 18% and 12% of surveyed Chinese companies planning investment there.
- Central Europe offers full EU market access, available land, labour costs in Poland 40 to 60% below Germany, France or the Netherlands, and established industrial infrastructure.
- Permitting is the hidden timeline risk: about 45 months to build and own versus about 21 months to lease into an already-permitted park.
- Companies that move while land and permitting capacity exist get better locations on better terms.
Where Are Chinese Manufacturers Investing in Europe?
德國、匈牙利和波蘭如今是中國在新興歐洲投資的首三目的地。最近的調查數據顯示，有21% 家中國企業計劃在德國投資，18% 家在匈牙利，12% 家在波蘭。考慮到這些經濟體的相對規模，匈牙利和波蘭的數據顯得格外引人注目。.
Hungary in particular has captured an outsized share. It took 44% of all Chinese investment in Europe in 2023, concentrated heavily in electric vehicle and battery production. CATL began construction of its largest European factory near Debrecen in 2022. The pattern has continued since: the latest Rhodium Group and MERICS report found Hungary still the top destination in 2025 with €3.9 billion of Chinese investment, although its share of the European total eased to 23% as more investment flowed back to Germany and France.
產業結構也在發生變化。這不再僅僅是關於組裝和成本優勢的爭奪。近期投資重點領域包括數字化、能源與電池生產，以及汽車電動化，而中國的投資正日益促進該地區先進製造業的發展。中國工廠的自動化程度已成為當地合作夥伴的指標，透過培訓計畫和工程合作，知識的轉移也在進行。.
The interest is broad enough that major advisory firms are now running dedicated events on European industrial expansion for Chinese manufacturers, bringing industrial park operators from Germany, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic in front of companies in Shanghai and Guangzhou. Poland’s investment agency PAIH reports that Chinese companies are among the investors it supported in 2025.
為什麼是中歐而非西方？
邏輯可以歸納為四個因素，但其中沒有一個因素純粹是成本問題。.
市場的發展空間廣闊。. Central Europe delivers full European Union market access, but with land availability and permitting capacity that Western European markets increasingly cannot match. In Germany or the Netherlands, finding a suitable industrial site near key corridors has become genuinely difficult. In 波蘭, 捷克, 匈牙利， 和 羅馬尼亞, it remains possible to build at scale.
成本結構已穩定。. 波蘭的勞工成本仍比德國、法國或荷蘭低40%至60%。 2026年波蘭的最低工資僅增加3.0%，是歐洲市場中調整力度較小的指標之一。對於那些預計未來十五年投資的企業而言，可預測性與絕對數額一樣重要。.
培育更具潛力的人才庫。. Poland employs around 650,000 information technology professionals and graduates 15,000 to 20,000 specialists in that field annually. Across the region, decades of automotive and electronics manufacturing have produced a workforce already familiar with high-volume, high-precision production environments.
建立工業基礎設施。. 這是最常被低估的因素。中歐並非邊境市場。這裡擁有高速公路網絡、鐵路連接、通過波羅的海和亞得里亞海的港口通道，以及過去三十年為服務西歐製造商而建立的密集的供應商生態系統。如今來到這裡的企業就能利用已經運作良好的基礎設施。.
What Do First-Time European Investors Get Wrong?
首次進入歐洲的企業往往低估了同樣的三件事。.
許可不是一件繁瑣的手續。. 土地取得、規劃與許可程序通常比建築本身還要耗費更多時間。一個從決定到運作的建置及擁有計畫，可能需要約45個月的時間；而透過租賃進入已獲批的公園，則可能只需要接近21個月的時間。大部分的延誤都源自於審批程序。那些為了遵守產品週期或客戶承諾而設定的上市日期，往往發現到太遲，無法挽回損失。.
| Route to market | Typical time from decision to operation | Where the time goes |
| Build and own | about 45 months | Site acquisition, zoning, design and permitting, then construction |
| Lease into an already-permitted park | about 21 months | Fit-out and commissioning, with permitting already done |
當地規定比預期的要多。. 加入歐盟不僅帶來了規管上的協調，而非規管上的統一。允許文化、勞工法、環境要求以及將項目從簽訂協議轉移到實際施工的實際商業操作在波蘭、捷克、匈牙利和羅馬尼亞之間有著顯著的不同。在一個市場上行之有效的做法，並不一定能在另一個市場上複製適用。.
環境與社區的考量具有實質意義。. 該地區的大型工業項目在環境影響、用水及地方諮詢方面都面臨嚴格的審查。那些將此視為僅需填寫表格的項目，都遭遇到了阻力，導致其時間表延遲或複雜化。認真及及早參與並非僅僅是一種良好做法，它更為快捷。.
一個好的登陸應該是什麼樣子？
那些順利建立歐洲業務的公司往往遵循類似的模式。.
他們選擇了已獲許可且已進行營運的基地，完全從關鍵環節中剔除最長的執行階段。他們選擇承租建築物，而非購買土地並從頭開始建造，讓資金集中用於生產設備和工具。他們選擇位於已建立的工業園區的基地，因為這些地區的道路、公用設施與供應商網絡早已到位。此外，他們與擁有當地團隊的夥伴合作，而非僅僅設立區域辦公室。.
這點的重要性遠遠超乎想像。來自當地、擁有相關權限、且符合這些規定的人員提供的關於選址與許可的指導，是讓項目按時完成與在第十四個月發現問題之間的關鍵差異。.
See CTP’s 解決方案 和 客戶故事 for how this works in practice, or talk to the team about 土地征用.
窗戶是開的，但並非無限大
The conditions currently drawing Asian manufacturers to Central Europe are strong, but they are not static. Nearshoring from Western Europe is already driving high absorption of industrial space across the region (see Q4 Warehouse Capacity). Construction pipelines are constrained. Electricity grid capacity is emerging as a real limit on where power-intensive manufacturing can locate at all.
Companies that move while land is available and permitting capacity exist will secure better locations on better terms than those that wait for the decision to become obvious.
歐洲對亞洲製造業投資是開放的。而真正的投資場所則在中歐。.
規劃歐洲的製造或分銷業務？ 預約電話 透過 CTP 的當地團隊，在 12 個國家展開營運；或取得 CTP Playbook，學習五項實用策略，以進入沒有主場優勢的市場。.
Author – CTP Research Team
Last updated – 16 October 2026
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