中国走向中东欧：亚洲品牌进军何处
二十年来，中国制造商向欧洲销售的标准路线一直很简单：在国内生产，将货物运往欧洲港口，然后从靠近海岸的仓库进行配送。成本优势就完成了其余的工作。.
这一模式正在逐步被打破。关税、反补贴调查、供应链安全要求以及客户对交付速度的期望，都朝着同一个方向发展。对于越来越多的亚洲公司而言，问题不再在于是否在欧洲生产，而是应该在哪里生产。.
越来越多的人认为答案就在中东欧地区。.
Key Takeaways
- Germany, Hungary and Poland are the top three destinations for new Chinese investment in Europe, with 21%, 18% and 12% of surveyed Chinese companies planning investment there.
- Central Europe offers full EU market access, available land, labour costs in Poland 40 to 60% below Germany, France or the Netherlands, and established industrial infrastructure.
- Permitting is the hidden timeline risk: about 45 months to build and own versus about 21 months to lease into an already-permitted park.
- Companies that move while land and permitting capacity exist get better locations on better terms.
Where Are Chinese Manufacturers Investing in Europe?
如今，德国、匈牙利和波兰位居欧洲中国新投资的前三大目的地。近期的一项调查数据显示，21% 家中国企业计划在德国投资，18% 家在中国匈牙利投资，12% 家在中国波兰投资。鉴于这些经济体的相对规模，匈牙利和波兰的数据尤其引人注目。.
Hungary in particular has captured an outsized share. It took 44% of all Chinese investment in Europe in 2023, concentrated heavily in electric vehicle and battery production. CATL began construction of its largest European factory near Debrecen in 2022. The pattern has continued since: the latest Rhodium Group and MERICS report found Hungary still the top destination in 2025 with €3.9 billion of Chinese investment, although its share of the European total eased to 23% as more investment flowed back to Germany and France.
产业结构也在发生变化。这不再仅仅局限于组装和成本优势的争夺。近期投资重点领域包括数字化、能源和电池生产以及汽车电动化，而中国投资正日益推动该地区先进制造业的推广。中国工厂的自动化水平已成为当地合作伙伴的标杆，通过培训计划和工程合作，知识转移也在进行。.
The interest is broad enough that major advisory firms are now running dedicated events on European industrial expansion for Chinese manufacturers, bringing industrial park operators from Germany, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic in front of companies in Shanghai and Guangzhou. Poland’s investment agency PAIH reports that Chinese companies are among the investors it supported in 2025.
为什么是中欧而非西方？
这种逻辑可以归结为四个因素，但其中没有一个是纯粹的成本问题。.
市场潜力巨大，增长空间广阔。. Central Europe delivers full European Union market access, but with land availability and permitting capacity that Western European markets increasingly cannot match. In Germany or the Netherlands, finding a suitable industrial site near key corridors has become genuinely difficult. In 波兰, 捷克, 匈牙利， 和 罗马尼亚, it remains possible to build at scale.
成本结构已经稳定下来。. 波兰的劳动力成本仍低于德国、法国或荷兰的水平，为40%至60%。 2026年，波兰的最低工资仅上涨了3.0%，这是欧洲市场中调整力度最适中的一项。对于那些正在规划十五年投资项目的公司来说，可预测性与绝对数字一样重要。.
打造更深、更广的人才库。. Poland employs around 650,000 information technology professionals and graduates 15,000 to 20,000 specialists in that field annually. Across the region, decades of automotive and electronics manufacturing have produced a workforce already familiar with high-volume, high-precision production environments.
建立工业基础设施。. 这是人们最常忽视的因素。中欧并非边境市场。这里拥有高速公路网络、铁路连接、通往波罗的海和亚得里亚海的港口，以及在服务于西欧制造商三十余年间建立起来的密集的供应商生态系统。如今来到这里的企业只需接入已经运行的设施即可。.
What Do First-Time European Investors Get Wrong?
首次进入欧洲的公司往往会低估同样的三件事。.
批准并非一种形式上的手续。. 项目开发、规划许可和审批往往比施工本身更耗时。从决定到运营，一套“建即运营”的项目通常需要大约45个月的时间，而租赁已经获得许可的公园则可能需要更短的21个月。大部分时间都花在了审批流程上。为了满足产品周期或客户承诺规定的启动日期，许多公司往往发现自己已经为时已晚，无法挽回损失。.
| Route to market | Typical time from decision to operation | Where the time goes |
| Build and own | about 45 months | Site acquisition, zoning, design and permitting, then construction |
| Lease into an already-permitted park | about 21 months | Fit-out and commissioning, with permitting already done |
当地的规定比预期的要多变。. 欧盟成员身份带来了监管上的统一，而非监管上的标准化。允许文化、劳动法、环境要求以及将项目从签署协议变为实际建设的实际操作方式在波兰、捷克、匈牙利和罗马尼亚各不相同。在某个市场中行之有效的做法并不适用于其他市场。.
环保和社区关切问题具有实际意义。. 该地区的大型工业项目在环境影响、用水和当地磋商方面都面临着严格的审查。那些将这些问题视为简单填表手续的项目，都遇到了阻力，导致其进度被延后或复杂化。认真、及早地参与不仅是一种良好做法，也是更快的速度。.
好的着陆应该是什么样的？
那些顺利建立欧洲业务的公司往往遵循类似的模式。.
他们选择了一个已经具备许可和服务的地点，从而完全将最关键的阶段从关键路径上移除。他们租赁了建筑结构，而不是购买土地并从头开始建设，从而将资金集中用于生产设备和工具。他们选择位于已建立的工业园内的地点，因为这些地方已经具备公路连接、公用设施和供应商网络。他们与在特定市场拥有当地团队的合作伙伴合作，而不仅仅是设立区域办公室。.
这个最后一点的重要性不言而喻。来自在该国、在那种情况下、根据那种要求开展此类工作的专家的现场选址和许可指导，是让项目按计划进行与发现问题在第十四个月的差异之处。.
See CTP’s 解决方案 和 客户故事 for how this works in practice, or talk to the team about 土地征用.
窗户是开着的，但不是无限开着的
The conditions currently drawing Asian manufacturers to Central Europe are strong, but they are not static. Nearshoring from Western Europe is already driving high absorption of industrial space across the region (see Q4 Warehouse Capacity). Construction pipelines are constrained. Electricity grid capacity is emerging as a real limit on where power-intensive manufacturing can locate at all.
Companies that move while land is available and permitting capacity exist will secure better locations on better terms than those that wait for the decision to become obvious.
欧洲对亚洲制造业的投资是开放的。而真正的投资机会在于中欧地区。.
计划开展欧洲的制造或分销业务吗？ 预约通话 通过 CTP 的 12 个国家本地团队，或者获取《CTP 游戏手册》，掌握 5 个在进入没有主场优势的市场时可以采用的有效策略。.
Author – CTP Research Team
Last updated – 16 October 2026
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